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Backing up of files is very important as you may not know when your disk dies or crashes. It is worth the time and effort. Companies, however, well understand the value of their data and generally do a back up at least once a day, usually to tape. Modern tapes hold tens or sometimes even hundreds of gigabytes and cost pennies per gigabyte. Making backups is not quite as trivial as it sounds. Backups are generally made to handle one of two potential problems, recovery from disaster and recovery from blunders. The first one covers the computer after disk crash, fire, flood, or other natural catastrophe. As natural disasters do not happen very often, usually backing up of files is not done. The second reason is that users often accidentally remove files that they later need again. This problem occurs when a file is “removed” in windows. It is not deleted completely, but just moved to a special directory recycle bin. Through recycle bin you can restore your files. Backups adopted and advanced this principle further. Files that were removed days, even weeks ago, can be restored from old backup tapes. Making a backup takes a longtime and occupies a large amount of space, so doing it efficiently and conveniently is important. At many installations, the executable programs are kept in a limited part of the file system tree. Most of the modern computers have a directory for temporary files. In UNIX, all the special files are kept in a directory (/dev). Backing up of this directory is downright dangerous because the backup program would hang forever if it tried to complete these files. Desired files and data which are specifically important should be backed up rather than backing up the entire directories. Data is important which should be restored. It is not advisable to back up files that have not been changed since the last backup, which leads to incremental dumps. The simplest form of incremental dumping is to make a complete dump periodically. Even better is to dump only those files that have changed since the last dump. Recovery is much more complicated because first the most recent full dump has to be restored, followed by all the incremental dumps in reverse order. To ease recovery, more sophisticated incremental dumping schemes are often used. Compress the immense data before writing them to tape as cost per byte reduces.
Article Source: http://www.phalenes.org/articles
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